I’m not too concerned about not remembering Cerro Walther Penck, but it had been a while since I’d gone through my notes. A bit over the top on the presidents, but if I ever want to recognise the names I need to put the work in.
Questions
Covered in a lattice similar to that found in a Linzertorte and meaning ‘friable pastry’, which sweet tart filled with jam that is also popular in Greece can be found in Argentinian food culture?
PASTAFROLA
Often consumed at parties, which crustless sandwiches that are also called Rafaelitos somewhat resemble the hideous cucumber sandwiches from British cuisine? They can be toasted, becoming tostados or carlitos when this is done in Argentina.
SANDWICHES DE MIGA
By what two-word term is the fruity paste dulce de membrillo also known?
QUINCE CHEESE
Known as ‘La esmeralda del sur’ and situated in Sante Fe province, in which city was Chris de Burgh born?
VENADO TUERTO
Featuring a five-word title that suggests he is planning to get out more, which first album by Chris de Burgh reached number one in Brazil but failed to chart in any other country?
FAR BEYOND THESE CASTLE WALLS
In 2018, Argentina hosted the first of what event outside of Eurasia, with the first edition having taken place in 2010?
SUMMER YOUTH OLYMPICS
In which Chinese city were the second Summer Youth Olympics held in 2014, following on from Singapore in 2010?
NANJING
In which South Korean province are the 2024 Youth Winter Olympics due to be held, with one of the cities hosting events being Pyeongchang?
GANGWON
What two-word term is used for a geographic and cultural region of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn and including Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and sometimes Paraguay?
SOUTHERN CONE
The period of the Dirty War ended with the election of which president in 1983? He stayed in charge until 1989 and is known as the ‘father of modern democracy in Argentina’.
RAUL ALFONSIN
The first written use of the name Argentina was in the 1602 poem “La Argentina” by which cleric, explorer and author? This work also alludes to the piracy of Francis Drake and Thomas Cavendish.
MARTIN DEL BARCO CENTENERA
In which southern province, that is the second largest and least densely populated in Argentina, can the Cave of the Hands be found?
SANTA CRUZ
Which narrow mountain valley and World Heritage Site in north-west Argentina takes the two parts of its name from a word meaning ‘broken’ and a small city of 11,000 inhabitants?
QUEBRADA DE HUMAHUACA
The only publicly accessible archaeological site in the Quebrada de Humahuaca is what pre-Incan fortification or pukara? Pukaras can be found in Jujuy province in the far north-west, which only borders one other Argentina province in Salta.
PUCARA DE TILCARA
Which people meaning ‘men with fat’ lived in the Pampas area of Argentina and now number a few thousand?
QUERANDI
Also known as the Toca, which people inhabited the north of Argentina and now have a population of around 130,000?
QOM
Having a three-word Spanish title, which collective feminist movement organised a female only protest in 2016 against machismo violence?
NI UNA MENOS
Which opera by Alberto Ginastera is based on a 1962 work by Manuel Mujica Lainez about 16th century Italian eccentric Pier Francesco Orsini?
BOMARZO
Which opera by Alberto Ginastera named for a titular Spanish king provided the 1966 breakthrough for Placido Domingo when he performed the role at the New York City Opera?
DON RODRIGO
Who is regarded as the hero of the 1806 reconquest of Buenos Aires after the first British invasion of the River Plate, with William Beresford surrendering to him?
SANTIAGO DE LINIERS
Which European explorer is said to be the first European to land in what is now modern day Uruguay in 1516, though he did not survive, possibly killed by the Guarani people?
JUAN DIAZ DE SOLIS
The son of another famous name from the voyages of discovery, what is the full name of the explorer who visited Argentinian territory in 1526, establishing two forts there?
SEBASTIAN CABOT
Also the first adelantado of New Andalucia, which Spanish conquistador founded the small settlement of Buenos Aires in 1536, though it was abandoned in 1541?
PEDRO DE MENDOZA
Also governor of Asunción for a time, who founded Santa Fe in 1573 as well as refounding Buenos Aires in 1580?
JUAN DE GARAY
Named for another place, of which Viceroyalty was Argentina a part of prior to the 1776 creation of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata?
(VICEROYALTY OF) PERU
The overthrow of which Spanish king in 1808 during the Peninsula War caused great concern in Argentina, ultimately leading to the May Revolution that helped establish the country’s independence?
FERDINAND VII
The 1810 May Revolution replaced the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with what ominous sounding group that was made up of Buenos Aires locals?
FIRST JUNTA / PRIMERA JUNTA
Where did the First Junta crush a counter-revolution led by Santiago de Liniers in 1810, meaning that city became part of Argentina rather than forming the basis for an independent country? Former hero Santiago de Liniers was executed as a result.
CORDOBA
Called ‘California’s only pirate’, which French-Argentine brought his fleet to wage war against Spain, attacking California, Chile, Peru and the Philippines? He also secured the recognition of Argentina by Hawaiian king Kamehameha I, making that state the first to recognise Argentinian independence.
HIPPOLYTE BOUCHARD
As they sought to discover a path for the country revolutionaries split into which two antagonistic groups, defining the early years of Argentinian independence?
CENTRALISTS AND FEDERALISTS
Part of Argentina’s Second Triumvirate, the Assembly of the Year XIII appointed who as Argentina’s first Supreme Director, though he only lasted one year in the role until being jailed in 1815?
GERVASIO ANTONIO DE POSADAS
What plan of 1816 that was put to bed by the Congress of Tucumán which confirmed Argentinian independence, proposed that the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata become a monarchy?
INCA PLAN
Named for a place in Buenos Aires province, which battle of 1820 between the Centralists and the Federalists resulted in the end of the Supreme Director rule?
CEPEDA
In 1826 another centralist constitution was enacted, bringing who to power as Argentina’s first president? The internal provinces soon rose up against him leading to the constitution being dissolved and he resigned as president in 1827.
BERNARDINO RIVADAVIA
Which country blockaded Buenos Aires from 1838 to 1840, ultimately being defeated by the Argentines under Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas?
FRANCE
Involving Chile, Peru and Bolivia as well as Argentina, which war occurred from 1836 to 1839?
WAR OF THE CONFEDERATION
Another failure that saw Juan Manuel de Rosas emerge victorious, which blockade occurred from 1845 to 1850?
ANGLO-FRENCH BLOCKADE
Juan Manuel de Rosas’ trade restriction policies angered the internal provinces, leading to which caudillo ousting him in 1852, with him becoming the first president of the Argentinian Confederation from 1854 to 1860?
JUSTO JOSÉ DE URQUIZA
Buenos Aires seceded from the Argentinian Confederation, but was forced back into the Confederation after what 1859 battle?
CEPEDA (Again!)
At the 1861 Battle of Pavón, who overpowered Justo José de Urquiza, securing Buenos Aires dominance and became the first elected president of the unified country in 1862, ruling until 1868?
BARTOLOMÉ MITRE
Between 1868 and 1974, Argentina appropriated lots of indigenous territories, tripling their territory. By what four-word term is this known?
CONQUEST OF THE DESERT
Which major figure of the Generation of ’80, who served two terms as president from 1880 to 1886 and 1898 to 1904, directed the Conquest of the Desert?
JULIO ARGENTINO ROCA
Which president was in charge in 1912 when universal male suffrage was granted, dying in office in 1914?
ROQUE SÁENZ PEÑA
Who won the 1916 election, staying in power until 1922 and being re-elected in 1928 before he was ousted in 1930, after a spell of tough times thanks to the Great Depression?
HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN
Although only ruling for two years, whose ousting of Hipólito Yrigoyen in a 1930 coup d’état started the steady decline of Argentina from a leading nation back to a developing one?
JOSÉ FÉLIX URIBURU
In 1932, who was elected in a fraudulent election that is part of the Infamous Decade, signing a controversial treaty with the UK? More respectably, he established Argentina’s central bank and introduced income tax
AGUSTÍN PEDRO JUSTO
Ending the period known as the ‘Infamous Decade’, which general was responsible for the 1943 coup that ousted Ramón Castillo? Declaring himself president, his time in charge only lasted a few days.
ARTURO RAWSON
The political party UCR stands for what, with Argentinian leaders from it including Hipólito Yrigoyen and Raúl Alfonsin?
UNIÓN CÍVICA RADICAL / RADICAL CIVIC UNION
What party was founded by Juan and Eva Perón in 1946, shortly afterwards enacting women’s suffrage? It still exists with recent presidents including both Kirchners and Alberto Fernández.
JUSTICIALIST PARTY / PJ
The Navy and air force bombed which Buenos Aires location in 1955, though Juan Perón survived the attack? He didn’t stay in power much longer, going into exile in Spain.
PLAZA DE MAYO
What was the coup called, that saw Juan Perón exiled to Spain in 1955 following the Plaza de Mayo bombings that targeted the Casa Rosada?
REVOLUCIÓN LIBERTADORA / LIBERATING REVOLUTION
Who was the new head of state who proscribed Peronism following the Liberating Revolution, ruling from 1955 to 1958? In 1970 he was kidnapped and murdered.
PEDRO ARAMBURU
Which member of the UCR won the 1958 election? He reversed a ban on Peronism, but was himself forced out in a coup in 1962.
ARTURO FRONDIZI
Staying in power for a year and a half following the deposal of Arturo Frondizi in 1962, which Senate Leader who becane president once again banned Peronism?
JOSÉ MARÍA GUIDO
A physician, who was elected to the role of Argentinian President in 1963 and overthrown in a 1966 coup?
ARTURO ILLIA
Who led the coup that deposed Arturo Illia in 1966 in the so-called Argentine Revolution, himself being toppled by a military junta in 1970?
JUAN CARLOS ONGANÍA
Following several years of rule by the military junta, who was elected president in 1971, bringing in elections in 1973 where the Peronist Party could take part, but not Juan Perón?
ALEJANDRO LANUSSE
Who was the surrogate winner of the 1973 election for the Peronist Party, inevitably being replaced by Juan Perón when things went sour?
HECTOR CÁMPORA
Known by a three-letter acronym that appears in the red star on their flag, what were the Guevarist terror group during Juan Perón’s third term?
ERP / PEOPLE’S REVOLUTIONARY ARMY
What were the leftist Peronist terror group during Juan Perón’s third term? In 1970 they kidnapped and murdered former president Pedro Eugenio Aramburu.
MONTONEROS
Like the ERP also known by a three-letter acronym, what was the state-backed far-right terror group during Juan Perón’s third term?
TRIPLE A / AAA / ARGENTINE ANTICOMMUNIST ALLIANCE
In a sign of what was to come in the Dirty War and taking place in Chubut province, which mass execution of political dissidents occurred in 1972 after they were recaptured following an escape from Rawson prison?
TRELEW
A sign that the Dirty War was on its way was when Isabel Perón issued annhilation decrees against left-wing terror organisations during which 1975 Operation that aimed to crush the leftist guerrilla group known as the ERP?
OPERATION INDEPENDENCE
Named for two major Argentinian cities and occurring a few days apart, which two massive protests occurred in 1969 during the military rule of Juan Carlos Onganía?
ROSARIAZO AND CORDOBAZO
Sharing its name with the international airport located 10km away and taking place on the day Juan Perón returned to Argentina, which massacre between left-wing and right-wing Peronist factions occurred?
EZEIZA
What name was the Nationalist Reorganisation Process, initiated by Jorge Rafael Videla shortened to? It removed Supreme Court judges and banner political parties among its many deeds.
PROCESO
The last president to serve under the military dictatorship, who replaced Leopoldo Galtieri as Argentinian president after the Falkland Islands humiliation, scheduling the election that would see Raúl Alfonsín’s reign of power begin in 1983?
REYNALDO BIGNONE
Also known as Cerro Tipas or Cerro Cazadero and thought to be the third highest volcano in the world, Cerro Walther Penck can be found on which plateau that extends into Chile?
PUNA DE ATACAMA / ATACAMA PLATEAU
Both Cerro Walther Penck and the Argentinian part of its higher neighbour Ojos del Salado can be found in which Argentinian province, with differing views on whether its name comes from Quechua or Aymara and having a capital where its full name is preceded by ‘San Fernando del Valle’?
CATAMARCA
Also known as a compound volcano, what term has been given to Cerro Walther Penck and is characterised by a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centres and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock, with other examples including Cumbre Vieja and Guatemala’s Pacaya?
COMPLEX VOLCANO / VOLCANIC COMPLEX
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